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                            Game of Thrones' latest Daenerys twist has divided opinion but at least the memes were on fire
                        
                    

                    
                

            
        
    
    






    

    
    

    

        

            



        

    

    

    

        

            



        

    

    

    

        

            




    

        
        
        
        
        
        
        
    

    

        America, Community, and Cute: Mira Jacob
 @mirajacob
 Two things I didn't know until I was
 yesterday years old:
 1) Memorial Day was started by
 African Americans honoring fallen
 Union solders
 2) The Statue of Liberty was gifted to
 America to celebrate freed slaves, not
 immigrants.
 Erasure is real, you all. But that part
 we knew.
 7:28 AM May 27, 2019 Twitter for iPhone
 37.2K Likes
 12.2K Retweets
valquainton:

ms-demeanor:

ms-demeanor:

the-barista-who-became-a-rabbit:

meganphntmgrl:

panic-boy-21:

blckrapunzel:

laughingacademy:

interficio-vos:

thatpettyblackgirl:


The White Wash is real.



One of the Earliest Memorial Day Ceremonies Was Held by Freed Slaves
The Statue of Liberty was created to celebrate freed slaves, not immigrants, its new museum recounts



Just wait until you google what the original Statue of Liberty(that got refused by America)looked like


For those of you who don’t want to look it up yourselves:
Lady Liberty is a black woman.

Guys, this has been thoroughly debunked since 2000, and it does the statue on the left there a huge disservice to treat her as an unwanted copy. That’s Lady Liberty of St. Maarten, an homage from 2007 (post-dating the debunking, even) that was dedicated to the anniversary of the ending of slavery there:
The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor is a representation of Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, with bonus American iconography:
HOWEVER: Lady Liberty in New York is not based on a white woman, either. 
She’s a Muslim Arab woman, at least in terms of the modeling of her face. Her face was reused from an abandoned project to build a colossal statue of a modern Egyptian Arab peasant woman near the Suez Canal (as verified by the Smithsonian, no less).
While she wasn’t originally dedicated specifically for immigrants, the poem “The New Colossus” was added specifically because of the position she occupied in the harbor and the symbolic visual power she would have to immigrants coming in. The author, Emma Lazarus, was Jewish.
It’s important to fight back on the whitewashing of history, because it happens left and right, but it shouldn’t happen at the cost of misinformation that treats Lady Liberty of St. Maarten as an unwanted prototype rather than a powerful monument in her own right and, ironically, claims that she’s now a white woman when she’s not while also ignoring the powerful influence of the Jewish-American community on the final version.

Geez, I’m really tired of people trying to spout false shit all over tumblr. Like, this post has 37K notes, But I assure you, that like many other false posts, ¾ of the notes are from people who saw the false bit and prefered to reblog it that way and be mad, instead of just making a simple google search

Hi Darling Friends of Tumblr.
I’ve been taking too long to do data entry and I’m not good at actually doing analysis so it’s time to start naming and shaming.
@thatpettyblackgirl is a blog that I’ve been observing for a while that has a really interesting pattern of behavior. 
Namely, posting a bunch of shit like this. 
Remember that tweet about Olive Garden supporting Donald Trump that was debunked? Well when it circulated on tumblr two weeks ago it was because of @thatpettyblackgirl
You know the misreported post about the school lunch program that refused donations from a local businessman? That was a different blogger but thatpettyblackgirl has circulated another version of it. 
That other blogger has a posting history that’s full of the same kinds of things thatpettyblackgirl posts - lots of reposts from twitter, lots of screenshots from other sites, not a lot of commentary, and things that are decontextualized enough to make them seem worse than they are or to totally misrepresent the actions depicted (like this reposted video and tweets indignant about a man being arrested when the very specific purpose of his protest was to get arrested).
It reminds me of that post about coconut husks as a wood alternative that’s been circulating recently - a screenshot of a white man above a news article is posted with the complaint that white people “discovering” coconuts after disregarding them as useless when the article is about a new method of processing coconut husks that allows them to be put to new uses. 
That blog is fascinating. And has a lot in common with thatpettyblackgirl - both of them reblog their own posts at a rate that’s higher than I’ve seen on most tumblrs (btw, you should know that a while back I asked for volunteers who would let me explore their tumblrs and while my research sample isn’t random it is a collection of small and large blogs and none of them have *checks notes* reblogged their own post of a bunch of screencaps of a tweet storm five times in the last couple of days). Both of them tend to post screencaps, neither one really writes much. They reblog a lot of memes, and both have some pretty big textposts that are just straight rip-offs of tweets (”bi folks have you eaten today? answer quick and iced coffee doesn’t count” is one of thatpettyblackgirl’s recent popular textposts and it’s ripped off from twitter.) They also reblog eachother a fair amount - along with @whyyoustabbedme and @endangered-justice-seeker, who ALSO have really weird posting patterns.
Also all four of those blogs are part of a group of nine blogs that were created in a three-week period of 2017 that I’ve been watching that don’t seem to follow a pattern of normal tumblr behavior and that also post an awful lot of incorrect viral posts and are staggeringly popular (for clarity: blackqueerblog is not one of the nine created in that time period). 

ANYWAY this is all reminding me very strongly of bellygangstaboo and lagonegirl. 
I know I probably sound like this image:
But there are excellent, thoughtful bloggers who discuss police brutality, racism in the US, class warefare, and institutional bias who aren’t ALSO unflaggingly committed to having their own dedicated Snopes pages. @odinsblog, Franchesca Ramsey, @antifainternational, and @mostlysignssomeportents might be a good place to start. 
My dudes, I don’t want to be depressing so I’ll let Vanity Fair do it for me:

That Russian operatives could so effectively engage Americans with 
tactics as simple as Facebook ads, fake-news postings, and Twitter 
trolls, shows how dangerous misinformation is in the social-media age, 
when propaganda can be so easily amplified. More important, it 
highlights how primed Americans already were for manipulation. 
When the ICE raids started up again a few months ago thatpettyblackgirl was posting about how shameful it was that there was nothing that could be done. A lot of these blogs are writing about how it’s impossible for black people to succeed in America, they’re writing about how voting is always rigged and you can’t fight the system.
And you know what that goes against every fucking principle of my cold little anarchist heart. These blogs are full of despair - they look like they’re full of cute memes and fresh news but they’re a poisoned pill telling you not to bother because you can’t fight the system. They’re not offering help, they’re training you not to bother fighting for your rights (there was a popular post about how the Hong Kong protesters are light years ahead of US protesters - that post didn’t talk about mutual aid or sharing tactics, it just said “people in the US would never” and left it at that, like we can’t learn from each other and share information across borders)
Fucking. Anyway. I’ve been fairly quiet about this because I’ve been trying to be all good and data sciencey about it but I’ve seen this post on my dash fifty times this week. 
Keep your eye out for @thatpettyblackgirl  @uncommonbish @whyyoustabbedme and @blackqueerblog - all of them have large followings and are known to post tweets and news articles out of context and if you’re considering reblogging information from one of their blogs please make a point to fact-check the post yourself. 
Not everything they post is wrong. I don’t know if these are real bloggers who don’t care about the potential negative impact of their tweet thievery or if they’re weird psyops blogs that are intended to make you feel hopeless about your place in the political process. Whatever they are it doesn’t matter when they continually post misinformation and don’t seem to care about stopping so please be cautious.
Anyway, I’m cataloguing these sorts of posts at @psyops-redux so if you want to keep an eye out for stuff that’s debunked I’ll tag by originating blogger over there.
Stay safe, buds. 

Dammit, I got all fired up and I forgot to add:

THERE’S A GAME THAT HELPS YOU RECOGNIZE WHEN PEOPLE ARE POSTING MISINFORMATION AND MAKES YOU LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO THIS KIND OF PROPAGANDA AND YOU SHOULD ALL GO PLAY IT.


Ah.  The number reposts from their own blogs had puzzled me in the past.  I assumed it was something to do with the way Tumblr runs that I wasn’t tech-savvy enough to understand.  But this makes a lot of sense.  Unless someone tells me otherwise, I’m gonna go ahead and unfollow the blogs listed.  Any recommendations for actual historical/current affairs poc blogs to follow instead?

        

            
            

                
                
                    America, Community, and Cute: Mira Jacob
 @mirajacob
 Two things I didn't know until I was
 yesterday years old:
 1) Memorial Day was started by
 African Americans honoring fallen
 Union solders
 2) The Statue of Liberty was gifted to
 America to celebrate freed slaves, not
 immigrants.
 Erasure is real, you all. But that part
 we knew.
 7:28 AM May 27, 2019 Twitter for iPhone
 37.2K Likes
 12.2K Retweets
valquainton:

ms-demeanor:

ms-demeanor:

the-barista-who-became-a-rabbit:

meganphntmgrl:

panic-boy-21:

blckrapunzel:

laughingacademy:

interficio-vos:

thatpettyblackgirl:


The White Wash is real.



One of the Earliest Memorial Day Ceremonies Was Held by Freed Slaves
The Statue of Liberty was created to celebrate freed slaves, not immigrants, its new museum recounts



Just wait until you google what the original Statue of Liberty(that got refused by America)looked like


For those of you who don’t want to look it up yourselves:
Lady Liberty is a black woman.

Guys, this has been thoroughly debunked since 2000, and it does the statue on the left there a huge disservice to treat her as an unwanted copy. That’s Lady Liberty of St. Maarten, an homage from 2007 (post-dating the debunking, even) that was dedicated to the anniversary of the ending of slavery there:
The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor is a representation of Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, with bonus American iconography:
HOWEVER: Lady Liberty in New York is not based on a white woman, either. 
She’s a Muslim Arab woman, at least in terms of the modeling of her face. Her face was reused from an abandoned project to build a colossal statue of a modern Egyptian Arab peasant woman near the Suez Canal (as verified by the Smithsonian, no less).
While she wasn’t originally dedicated specifically for immigrants, the poem “The New Colossus” was added specifically because of the position she occupied in the harbor and the symbolic visual power she would have to immigrants coming in. The author, Emma Lazarus, was Jewish.
It’s important to fight back on the whitewashing of history, because it happens left and right, but it shouldn’t happen at the cost of misinformation that treats Lady Liberty of St. Maarten as an unwanted prototype rather than a powerful monument in her own right and, ironically, claims that she’s now a white woman when she’s not while also ignoring the powerful influence of the Jewish-American community on the final version.

Geez, I’m really tired of people trying to spout false shit all over tumblr. Like, this post has 37K notes, But I assure you, that like many other false posts, ¾ of the notes are from people who saw the false bit and prefered to reblog it that way and be mad, instead of just making a simple google search

Hi Darling Friends of Tumblr.
I’ve been taking too long to do data entry and I’m not good at actually doing analysis so it’s time to start naming and shaming.
@thatpettyblackgirl is a blog that I’ve been observing for a while that has a really interesting pattern of behavior. 
Namely, posting a bunch of shit like this. 
Remember that tweet about Olive Garden supporting Donald Trump that was debunked? Well when it circulated on tumblr two weeks ago it was because of @thatpettyblackgirl
You know the misreported post about the school lunch program that refused donations from a local businessman? That was a different blogger but thatpettyblackgirl has circulated another version of it. 
That other blogger has a posting history that’s full of the same kinds of things thatpettyblackgirl posts - lots of reposts from twitter, lots of screenshots from other sites, not a lot of commentary, and things that are decontextualized enough to make them seem worse than they are or to totally misrepresent the actions depicted (like this reposted video and tweets indignant about a man being arrested when the very specific purpose of his protest was to get arrested).
It reminds me of that post about coconut husks as a wood alternative that’s been circulating recently - a screenshot of a white man above a news article is posted with the complaint that white people “discovering” coconuts after disregarding them as useless when the article is about a new method of processing coconut husks that allows them to be put to new uses. 
That blog is fascinating. And has a lot in common with thatpettyblackgirl - both of them reblog their own posts at a rate that’s higher than I’ve seen on most tumblrs (btw, you should know that a while back I asked for volunteers who would let me explore their tumblrs and while my research sample isn’t random it is a collection of small and large blogs and none of them have *checks notes* reblogged their own post of a bunch of screencaps of a tweet storm five times in the last couple of days). Both of them tend to post screencaps, neither one really writes much. They reblog a lot of memes, and both have some pretty big textposts that are just straight rip-offs of tweets (”bi folks have you eaten today? answer quick and iced coffee doesn’t count” is one of thatpettyblackgirl’s recent popular textposts and it’s ripped off from twitter.) They also reblog eachother a fair amount - along with @whyyoustabbedme and @endangered-justice-seeker, who ALSO have really weird posting patterns.
Also all four of those blogs are part of a group of nine blogs that were created in a three-week period of 2017 that I’ve been watching that don’t seem to follow a pattern of normal tumblr behavior and that also post an awful lot of incorrect viral posts and are staggeringly popular (for clarity: blackqueerblog is not one of the nine created in that time period). 

ANYWAY this is all reminding me very strongly of bellygangstaboo and lagonegirl. 
I know I probably sound like this image:
But there are excellent, thoughtful bloggers who discuss police brutality, racism in the US, class warefare, and institutional bias who aren’t ALSO unflaggingly committed to having their own dedicated Snopes pages. @odinsblog, Franchesca Ramsey, @antifainternational, and @mostlysignssomeportents might be a good place to start. 
My dudes, I don’t want to be depressing so I’ll let Vanity Fair do it for me:

That Russian operatives could so effectively engage Americans with 
tactics as simple as Facebook ads, fake-news postings, and Twitter 
trolls, shows how dangerous misinformation is in the social-media age, 
when propaganda can be so easily amplified. More important, it 
highlights how primed Americans already were for manipulation. 
When the ICE raids started up again a few months ago thatpettyblackgirl was posting about how shameful it was that there was nothing that could be done. A lot of these blogs are writing about how it’s impossible for black people to succeed in America, they’re writing about how voting is always rigged and you can’t fight the system.
And you know what that goes against every fucking principle of my cold little anarchist heart. These blogs are full of despair - they look like they’re full of cute memes and fresh news but they’re a poisoned pill telling you not to bother because you can’t fight the system. They’re not offering help, they’re training you not to bother fighting for your rights (there was a popular post about how the Hong Kong protesters are light years ahead of US protesters - that post didn’t talk about mutual aid or sharing tactics, it just said “people in the US would never” and left it at that, like we can’t learn from each other and share information across borders)
Fucking. Anyway. I’ve been fairly quiet about this because I’ve been trying to be all good and data sciencey about it but I’ve seen this post on my dash fifty times this week. 
Keep your eye out for @thatpettyblackgirl  @uncommonbish @whyyoustabbedme and @blackqueerblog - all of them have large followings and are known to post tweets and news articles out of context and if you’re considering reblogging information from one of their blogs please make a point to fact-check the post yourself. 
Not everything they post is wrong. I don’t know if these are real bloggers who don’t care about the potential negative impact of their tweet thievery or if they’re weird psyops blogs that are intended to make you feel hopeless about your place in the political process. Whatever they are it doesn’t matter when they continually post misinformation and don’t seem to care about stopping so please be cautious.
Anyway, I’m cataloguing these sorts of posts at @psyops-redux so if you want to keep an eye out for stuff that’s debunked I’ll tag by originating blogger over there.
Stay safe, buds. 

Dammit, I got all fired up and I forgot to add:

THERE’S A GAME THAT HELPS YOU RECOGNIZE WHEN PEOPLE ARE POSTING MISINFORMATION AND MAKES YOU LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO THIS KIND OF PROPAGANDA AND YOU SHOULD ALL GO PLAY IT.


Ah.  The number reposts from their own blogs had puzzled me in the past.  I assumed it was something to do with the way Tumblr runs that I wasn’t tech-savvy enough to understand.  But this makes a lot of sense.  Unless someone tells me otherwise, I’m gonna go ahead and unfollow the blogs listed.  Any recommendations for actual historical/current affairs poc blogs to follow instead?

                    
                
            

            
            
        

    

    

        
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        God, Head, and Oh My God: Instructions:
 YOU MATCHED WITH ON 11/05/2019
 ose any topic and I'll give you a
 pick up line related to it
 1) You add potatoes to medium
 pot & fill with water until all
 potatoes are covered and static
 Yesterday 15:11
 2) Only season with salt as extra
 nando's creamy mash x
 3) Use the hob to bring to the boil
 & reduce to a simmer until
 potatoes are tender. After roughly
 15 minutes remove heat from pan
 Yesterday 18:17
 Ingredients:
 500g Gold Potatoes (peeled and
 chopped into large chunks)
 1/2 stick unsalted butter,+2
 tablespoons, divided
 1/2 head of garlic (cloves
 smashed)
 1/3 cup warm heavy cream
 14 cup sour cream
 14 tsp. salt
 4) After, melt butter on a low heat
 or semi
 5) Remove as milk solids rise to
 the top. Be careful as these may
 6) Easily add garlic & cook on low
 for 15 minutes then remove the
 garlic area
 Instructions:
 7) Visibly check potatoes and
 drain thoroughly so they are not
 too thiclk
 1) You add potatoes to medium
 pot & fill with water until all
 potatoes are covered and static
 8) Essentially, while potatoes are
 hot, pass through a potato ricer
 and add back to pot above
 2) Only season with salt as extra
 for you
 8) Essentially, while potatoes are
 hot, pass through a potato ricer
 and add back to pot above
 12) Upon transferring to a serving
 dish, melt remaining butter too
 9) Rinse in melted butter, salt,
 heavy cream & sour cream
 carefully
 13) Time to pour over potatoes
 then garnish with paprika, just like
 on the menu
 10) Yielding a hand held mixer
 beat the potatoes on high until
 potatoes are smooth and fluffy
 also
 14) Eat and enjoy, makes a great
 treat
 Read the first letter of each of the
 14 instructions from the Nando's
 creamy mash recipe
 11) Carefully season with salt and
 pepper, with the perfect amount
 Yesterday 23:45
 12) Upon transferring to a serving
 dish, melt remaining butter too
 oh my god
 that's amazing
 13) Time to pour over potatoes
 then garnish with paprika, just like
 on the menu
 Today 05:49
 Now read the last letter of each of
 the 14 instructions
 14) Eat and enjoy, makes a great
 treat
 Read the first letter of each of the
 14 instructions from the Nando's
 creamy mash recipe
 Today 08:59
 after that, yeah you can
The effort I put into this seemed to pay off
        

            
            

                
                
                    God, Head, and Oh My God: Instructions:
 YOU MATCHED WITH ON 11/05/2019
 ose any topic and I'll give you a
 pick up line related to it
 1) You add potatoes to medium
 pot & fill with water until all
 potatoes are covered and static
 Yesterday 15:11
 2) Only season with salt as extra
 nando's creamy mash x
 3) Use the hob to bring to the boil
 & reduce to a simmer until
 potatoes are tender. After roughly
 15 minutes remove heat from pan
 Yesterday 18:17
 Ingredients:
 500g Gold Potatoes (peeled and
 chopped into large chunks)
 1/2 stick unsalted butter,+2
 tablespoons, divided
 1/2 head of garlic (cloves
 smashed)
 1/3 cup warm heavy cream
 14 cup sour cream
 14 tsp. salt
 4) After, melt butter on a low heat
 or semi
 5) Remove as milk solids rise to
 the top. Be careful as these may
 6) Easily add garlic & cook on low
 for 15 minutes then remove the
 garlic area
 Instructions:
 7) Visibly check potatoes and
 drain thoroughly so they are not
 too thiclk
 1) You add potatoes to medium
 pot & fill with water until all
 potatoes are covered and static
 8) Essentially, while potatoes are
 hot, pass through a potato ricer
 and add back to pot above
 2) Only season with salt as extra
 for you
 8) Essentially, while potatoes are
 hot, pass through a potato ricer
 and add back to pot above
 12) Upon transferring to a serving
 dish, melt remaining butter too
 9) Rinse in melted butter, salt,
 heavy cream & sour cream
 carefully
 13) Time to pour over potatoes
 then garnish with paprika, just like
 on the menu
 10) Yielding a hand held mixer
 beat the potatoes on high until
 potatoes are smooth and fluffy
 also
 14) Eat and enjoy, makes a great
 treat
 Read the first letter of each of the
 14 instructions from the Nando's
 creamy mash recipe
 11) Carefully season with salt and
 pepper, with the perfect amount
 Yesterday 23:45
 12) Upon transferring to a serving
 dish, melt remaining butter too
 oh my god
 that's amazing
 13) Time to pour over potatoes
 then garnish with paprika, just like
 on the menu
 Today 05:49
 Now read the last letter of each of
 the 14 instructions
 14) Eat and enjoy, makes a great
 treat
 Read the first letter of each of the
 14 instructions from the Nando's
 creamy mash recipe
 Today 08:59
 after that, yeah you can
The effort I put into this seemed to pay off
                    
                
            

            
                
                
The effort I put into this seemed to pay off

                
            
            
        

    

    

        
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        Click, Empire, and Fall: Iceland
 Independence Day
 Komi Republic
 Text and graphics Theo Deutinger, Filip Cieloch and Lucia de Usera
 Faroe Islands shan
 Throughout history, the borders of Europe have constantly a. Basque Country
 changed. Unfortunately, shifting borders are usually the outcome LaRioja
 of conflict, as exemplified by the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Yet 6n
 armed conflict is avoidable, as shown by the emergence of the 7.Free County
 post-Soviet states and the peaceful divorce of Czechoslovakia in
 1993. Just a year ago, one might have thought that a more mature 10.Switzertand
 world was evolving - one in which the pursuit of sovereignty could 11.5ao
 be settled without gunfire- but in light of the war in Ukraine and 13. Liguria
 ISIL's desire for an Islamic caliphate, global sanity seems more 1. Tieino
 unachievable than ever,
 Jämtland
 O0ster
 Shetland
 Outer Hebrides Orkney
 Islands
 Udmurtia
 Sweden
 Estonia
 Tatarstan Bashkortostan
 The concept of nation-state sovereignty beganth euth tyrol
 Chuvashia
 Northumberland
 the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and is based on territoriality and 19
 of ManDenmark
 Friui-Venezia Giutia
 the absence of a role for external agents in domestic structures. 20.istria
 ber that had declined to about 70 at the end of the 19 century, Bonia Herzegovina
 eign states.
 Republika Srpska
 In 1648 the world consisted of some 80 sovereign states, a num-22. Croatian Rep of
 Ireland
 Mordovia
 when it began to grow again. Today's world comprises 20andnk
 Wales Mercia
 Together with the rise of the modern state, the accuracy
 of national boundaries increased as well, thanks to modern 28. Northern Epirus
 Kazakhstan
 Germany
 surveying techniques (triangulation) and the consequent pro- 3Shlesaig-Holssein
 duction of highly detailed maps. Precisely drawn borders have 31. Karachay-Cherkessia
 not led to greater stability, however, but to even more sensitivityAbiahazia
 among nations. A study of the number and size of nation states 34. South Ossetia
 concludes that one result of democratization and economic 35. Ingushetia
 integration is ever more countries. As Marshall McLuhan points 37
 out in The Gutenberg Galaxy, literacy is another determining 38. Adjara
 Netherlands
 Guernsey Isle of Wigh
 Jersey
 O P
 Brittany
 bourg
 factor, as most states that have formed over the past 150
 years Nagorno Karabakh
 Car
 ORostov
 Slovakia
 Ruthenia
 have appeared along language lines, and people who can read
 and write are aware of the cultural impact of word-based com-
 Austria
 Transnistria
 Russia
 The collapse of hegemonic empires has also served as
 Galicia
 Hungary
 Kr
 midwife at the birth of nation states. The end of the Roman
 Empire marked an increase in the number of European states,
 which had risen from 37 to 1 14 by 1300, a development compara-
 ble to the proliferation of sovereign states in East-Central Europe Portuga
 Occitania
 ia
 gauzia
 Croatia
 三
 ezgistar
 Romania
 since the fall of the Communist regime. The process of autonomy
 Monaco
 has slowed down but not halted; in Western Europe it is fed by
 subsidies from the European Union, a
 Marino
 Bul
 nd in Eastern Europe it is
 triggered by Russia's autocratic government. Both systems have
 an expiration date and should be prepared for a higher diversity
 o Valencia
 of sovereign states. It is to be hoped that, at the very least, the
 nations of Western Europe understand the concept of a peaceful
 divorce and the need to respect another's point of view.
 Andalusia
 Balearic Islands
 .Alberto Alesina and Enrico Spolaore, On the Number and Sine of
 Sardinia
 Notions, The Quartery Journal of Economies, Vol. 112, Na.4 (Now. 1007)
 2. Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Golaxy The Making ef
 Typogrophic Mon, Univeesity of Toronto Press, 1962
 3. Chiu Yu Ko, Mark Koyama and Tuan-Hwee Sng, Unified China
 _
 Iraq
 and Divided Europe, June 2014
 ru
 Malta
land-of-maps:

Independence Day : what Europe would look if separatist movement got their wish [5335 × 3205]CLICK HERE FOR MORE MAPS!
        

            
            

                
                
                    Click, Empire, and Fall: Iceland
 Independence Day
 Komi Republic
 Text and graphics Theo Deutinger, Filip Cieloch and Lucia de Usera
 Faroe Islands shan
 Throughout history, the borders of Europe have constantly a. Basque Country
 changed. Unfortunately, shifting borders are usually the outcome LaRioja
 of conflict, as exemplified by the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Yet 6n
 armed conflict is avoidable, as shown by the emergence of the 7.Free County
 post-Soviet states and the peaceful divorce of Czechoslovakia in
 1993. Just a year ago, one might have thought that a more mature 10.Switzertand
 world was evolving - one in which the pursuit of sovereignty could 11.5ao
 be settled without gunfire- but in light of the war in Ukraine and 13. Liguria
 ISIL's desire for an Islamic caliphate, global sanity seems more 1. Tieino
 unachievable than ever,
 Jämtland
 O0ster
 Shetland
 Outer Hebrides Orkney
 Islands
 Udmurtia
 Sweden
 Estonia
 Tatarstan Bashkortostan
 The concept of nation-state sovereignty beganth euth tyrol
 Chuvashia
 Northumberland
 the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and is based on territoriality and 19
 of ManDenmark
 Friui-Venezia Giutia
 the absence of a role for external agents in domestic structures. 20.istria
 ber that had declined to about 70 at the end of the 19 century, Bonia Herzegovina
 eign states.
 Republika Srpska
 In 1648 the world consisted of some 80 sovereign states, a num-22. Croatian Rep of
 Ireland
 Mordovia
 when it began to grow again. Today's world comprises 20andnk
 Wales Mercia
 Together with the rise of the modern state, the accuracy
 of national boundaries increased as well, thanks to modern 28. Northern Epirus
 Kazakhstan
 Germany
 surveying techniques (triangulation) and the consequent pro- 3Shlesaig-Holssein
 duction of highly detailed maps. Precisely drawn borders have 31. Karachay-Cherkessia
 not led to greater stability, however, but to even more sensitivityAbiahazia
 among nations. A study of the number and size of nation states 34. South Ossetia
 concludes that one result of democratization and economic 35. Ingushetia
 integration is ever more countries. As Marshall McLuhan points 37
 out in The Gutenberg Galaxy, literacy is another determining 38. Adjara
 Netherlands
 Guernsey Isle of Wigh
 Jersey
 O P
 Brittany
 bourg
 factor, as most states that have formed over the past 150
 years Nagorno Karabakh
 Car
 ORostov
 Slovakia
 Ruthenia
 have appeared along language lines, and people who can read
 and write are aware of the cultural impact of word-based com-
 Austria
 Transnistria
 Russia
 The collapse of hegemonic empires has also served as
 Galicia
 Hungary
 Kr
 midwife at the birth of nation states. The end of the Roman
 Empire marked an increase in the number of European states,
 which had risen from 37 to 1 14 by 1300, a development compara-
 ble to the proliferation of sovereign states in East-Central Europe Portuga
 Occitania
 ia
 gauzia
 Croatia
 三
 ezgistar
 Romania
 since the fall of the Communist regime. The process of autonomy
 Monaco
 has slowed down but not halted; in Western Europe it is fed by
 subsidies from the European Union, a
 Marino
 Bul
 nd in Eastern Europe it is
 triggered by Russia's autocratic government. Both systems have
 an expiration date and should be prepared for a higher diversity
 o Valencia
 of sovereign states. It is to be hoped that, at the very least, the
 nations of Western Europe understand the concept of a peaceful
 divorce and the need to respect another's point of view.
 Andalusia
 Balearic Islands
 .Alberto Alesina and Enrico Spolaore, On the Number and Sine of
 Sardinia
 Notions, The Quartery Journal of Economies, Vol. 112, Na.4 (Now. 1007)
 2. Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Golaxy The Making ef
 Typogrophic Mon, Univeesity of Toronto Press, 1962
 3. Chiu Yu Ko, Mark Koyama and Tuan-Hwee Sng, Unified China
 _
 Iraq
 and Divided Europe, June 2014
 ru
 Malta
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        Books, Club, and Ferrari: HINDUSTAN TIMES, NEW DELHI
 THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2019
 USH
 USH
 ROBIN SHARMA
 author
 leadership expert as
 Grab the early moming
 to become successful,
 arly to bed and early to
 rise makes a man healthy,
 wealthy, and wise, goes
 the popular rhyme. And The book is not just
 aruvethe wakerupmarly uart
 about waking up at
 about waking up at
 prove the wake up early' part
 through his latest book, The
 5AM Club
 5am, but there is a
 specific morning
 Private lessons that
 leadership and performance
 routine-20:20:20-
 Which Turge
 ROBIN SHARMA
 Robin Sharma has been
 imparting to billionaires and
 celebrities have now found
 imparting to bilionalres andwhich l urge the
 The globally readers to
 author of The Monk Who Sold
 their way into his new book
 The globally renowned
 AUTH0R
 His Ferrari says that the
 Who Sold
 BIAN
 twilight period in the morning
 is of "peace and tranquility" mind by reading, watching a
 and tranquility beinga
 "luxury" in our times, should podcast
 not be missed
 minutes is for growing your
 useful video or listening toa
 "There are a lot of peopie
 "I have been teaching the 5 with a lot of money but money
 AM club method for above 20 isall they have. It's very
 years. The book is not just
 about waking up at 5am, but people want to be the heroes of
 there is a specific morning
 routine - 20:20:20-whichI want to rise above their
 inspiring to see how many
 their lives, how many people
 ctrcumstances. I don't just
 urge the readers to follow,
 Sharma says
 write books but I am putting
 He has divided the first hour down the information that its
 turing the winter, althoughof 20 minutes each. The rst
 of the day into three segments not superficial but
 of 20 minutes each. The first creates change,"he said,
 creates change,"be
Thought you’d find value in this article. ✌🏽
        

            
            

                
                
                    Books, Club, and Ferrari: HINDUSTAN TIMES, NEW DELHI
 THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2019
 USH
 USH
 ROBIN SHARMA
 author
 leadership expert as
 Grab the early moming
 to become successful,
 arly to bed and early to
 rise makes a man healthy,
 wealthy, and wise, goes
 the popular rhyme. And The book is not just
 aruvethe wakerupmarly uart
 about waking up at
 about waking up at
 prove the wake up early' part
 through his latest book, The
 5AM Club
 5am, but there is a
 specific morning
 Private lessons that
 leadership and performance
 routine-20:20:20-
 Which Turge
 ROBIN SHARMA
 Robin Sharma has been
 imparting to billionaires and
 celebrities have now found
 imparting to bilionalres andwhich l urge the
 The globally readers to
 author of The Monk Who Sold
 their way into his new book
 The globally renowned
 AUTH0R
 His Ferrari says that the
 Who Sold
 BIAN
 twilight period in the morning
 is of "peace and tranquility" mind by reading, watching a
 and tranquility beinga
 "luxury" in our times, should podcast
 not be missed
 minutes is for growing your
 useful video or listening toa
 "There are a lot of peopie
 "I have been teaching the 5 with a lot of money but money
 AM club method for above 20 isall they have. It's very
 years. The book is not just
 about waking up at 5am, but people want to be the heroes of
 there is a specific morning
 routine - 20:20:20-whichI want to rise above their
 inspiring to see how many
 their lives, how many people
 ctrcumstances. I don't just
 urge the readers to follow,
 Sharma says
 write books but I am putting
 He has divided the first hour down the information that its
 turing the winter, althoughof 20 minutes each. The rst
 of the day into three segments not superficial but
 of 20 minutes each. The first creates change,"he said,
 creates change,"be
Thought you’d find value in this article. ✌🏽
                    
                
            

            
                
                
Thought you’d find value in this article. ✌🏽

                
            
            
        

    

    

        
Save